Ümraniye is located in the Marmara Region, on the Asian side of Istanbul, and is built on a solid ground. In terms of population, it ranks 3rd among Istanbul's 39 districts. To the east of Ümraniye is Sancaktepe, to the south is Ataşehir, to the west is Üsküdar, and to the north are Çekmeköy and Beykoz districts.
The district experiences both Black Sea and Mediterranean climate characteristics. While the winters are influenced by frontal rainfall like the Mediterranean region, the summers are not as dry as the Mediterranean due to the influence of the Black Sea. The low elevation prevents the amount of rainfall from being excessive. Although the district is affected by the maritime climate coming from the Bosphorus, the presence of the Çamlıca hills also allows for some continental climate characteristics.